水气动量交换的实验研究

在风浪槽中进行水气动量交换实验，测量了不同风速和风区下的波浪及空气湍流流场。测量数据表明水面上风速分布符合对数律，水气界面附近在小范围的动量交换常通量层。阻力系数ＣＤ随风速增加线性增长，随波龄增加而减小。这一趋向与理论分析及外海帝测结果一致。对风浪发展过程中波浪和空气湍流谱结构的分析证明了水气运动的耦合关系。     

基于振动时滞法的非零叶间相位角叶片颤振

发展了一种利用叶片延迟振动设置叶间相位角的振动时滞法和多通道叶片非同相振动的流固耦合颤振分析模型。模型通道数选取相邻节径线之间通道数的两倍,在循环扇区的不同通道中,令叶片的各阶振动模态位移滞后于前一叶片,结合基于虚拟弹性体的快速动网格算法实现流场及叶片网格的高效更新。针对Rotor 37多通道模型,研究了不同叶间相位角对叶片气弹稳定性及通道流场特性的影响。结果表明:多通道方法与全环叶片颤振分析的计算结果基本一致,而18节径振动下多通道方法的计算时间是全环分析的1486%;节径振动形式对气动阻尼有显著影响,且在2节径时发生气弹失稳;叶间相位角引起流道内激波位置和强度变化和非定常激波脉动异相冲击,是影响颤振的主要原因。     

Fluid structure interaction simulation of supersonic parachute inflation by an interface tracking method

An Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) approach with interface tracking is developed in this paper to simulate the supersonic parachute inflation. A two-way interaction between a nonlinear finite element method and a finite volume method is accomplished. In order to apply this interface tracking method to problems with instantaneous large deformation and self-contact, a new virtual structure contact method is proposed to leave room for the body-fitted mesh between the contact structural surfaces. In addition, the breakpoint due to the fluid mesh with negative volume is losslessly restarted by the conservative interpolation method. Based on this method, fluid and structural dynamic behaviors of a highly folded disk-gap-band parachute are obtained. Numerical results such as maximum Root Mean Square (RMS) drag, general canopy shape and the smallest canopy projected areas in the terminal descent state are in accordance with the wind tunnel test results. This analysis reveals the inflation law of the disk-gap-band parachute and provides a new numerical method for supersonic parachute design.     

钛合金熔模精铸氧化锆陶瓷型壳／金属界面反应研究

通过实际浇注和真空扩散连接分别制取了钛／型壳界面，借助ＳＥＭ、ＥＰＭＡ和显微硬度仪等分析测试手段对所得界面进行了深入研究，初步提出了以Ｚｒ、Ｏ元素向钛基体内的扩散为主导的界面反应机制。实验结果表明，界面反应并非在整个界面上均衡推进，而是在浓度、温度、能量起伏、以及陶瓷颗粒位向适宜的区域优先发生界面反应     

A Structured Mesh Euler and Interactive Boundary Layer Method for Wing/Body Configurations

To compute transonic flows over a complex 3D aircraft configuration, a viscous/inviscid interaction method is developed by coupling an integral boundary-layer solver with an Eluer solver in a ＂semi-inverse＂ manner. For the turbulent boundary-layer, an integral method using Green＇s lag equation is coupled with the outer inviscid flow. A blowing velocity approach is used to simulate the displacement effects of the boundary layer. To predict the aerodynamic drag, it is developed a numerical technique called far-field method that is based on the momentum theorem, in which the total drag is divided into three component drags, i.e. viscous, induced and wave-formed. Consequently, it can provide more physical insight into the drag sources than the often-used surface integral technique. The drag decomposition can be achieved with help of the second law of thermodynamics, which implies that entropy increases and total pressure decreases only across shock wave along a streamline of an inviscid non-isentropic flow. This method has been applied to the DLR-F4 wing/body configuration showing results in good agreement with the wind tunnel data.     

Propagation of non-linear ion-sound pulses in dusty plasma waveguides

There are a lot of objects in space associated with dusty plasma inclusions. Such inclusions may bear a prolonged shape and behave as waveguides for ion-sound waves. In the case of space plasmas, the dust particles can possess both negative charge, due to electron attachment, and positive one, due to photoionization. In this paper the propagation of linear and non-linear ion-sound wave pulses in the dusty plasma waveguides, possessing positive charge, is studied. It has been demonstrated that non-linear dynamics of baseband pulse propagation in plasma waveguide possesses essentially non-solitonic behavior. Namely, propagation of a long ion-sound pulse leads to an excitation of a shock-like wave but not a stable localized nonlinear pulse. Also, when a Korteveg–de Vries (KdV) soliton is incident onto the dusty plasma waveguide, some part of the soliton energy is captured by the waveguide and transformed into a multi-pulse structure. Additionally, an interaction of dusty plasma inclusions with KdV soliton can lead to the occurrence of transverse instabilities of the soliton and its eventual destruction.     

中国核电厂操作员反应时认知模型的应用(英文)

讨论了一些有关人员行为与时间有依赖关系的可靠性模型；给出了中国核电厂操作员在清华大学培训模型机上的一些可靠性实验结果。此外，还根据已获得的实验数据计算了在ＡＴＷＳ事故条件下人的失误概率。     

直升机机身、平尾、垂尾的气动干扰

运用面元法模拟直升机机身流场,计算前飞状态的ROBIN(rotor body interaction)模型孤立机身顶部中线的压力系数分布,并与参考数据、CFD计算结果对比,验证了本方法的准确性.采用离散涡系模拟平尾、垂尾和短翼等升力面,以带短翼的UH-60直升机为例,研究了升力面参数变化对机身、平尾、垂尾气动干扰的影响.结果表明:改变升力面的安装角显著改变了气流对其周围的绕流情况,在参数中影响最大;平尾参数尤其是安装角会对垂尾和短翼的压力系数产生较大影响;减小垂尾展长和增大短翼安装角会提升各自的压力系数.     

几种常用格式和湍流模型在高速流动中的适用性研究

针对高超声速飞行器中存在的强激波、激波/边界层干扰、分离、湍流等复杂流动现象,对比分析了当前计算流体力学中的主要空间离散格式及湍流模型,发现不同格式对强激波的分辨率基本相同,Roe和LDE(low diffusion E-CUSP(convective upwind split pressure))格式对摩擦因数和传热系数的模拟优于其他格式;S-A(Spalart-Allmaras)一方程湍流模型计算的摩擦因数比k-ωSST(shear stress transport)两方程湍流模型高10%左右,而后者预测的分离区约为前者的2倍,且分离点靠前.     

隔层式多脉冲发动机点火延迟数值仿真研究

隔层式多脉冲发动机点火过程较常规发动机有很多不同,为获得端燃型隔层式多脉冲发动机的点火延迟特性及其影响因素,建立物理和数学模型,采用MpCCI耦合器作为FLUENT与ANSYS的数据交换平台,模拟点火燃气填充隔层和隔层变形过程;采用FLUENT计算多脉冲发动机火焰传播过程及填充过程。计算结果表明,与传统固体火箭发动机相比,在相同点火药量的情况下,多脉冲发动机的点火延迟大大增加;推进剂燃速越高,点火延迟越小;燃烧室自由容积越大,点火延迟越大;隔层材料对点火延迟影响较小。可以通过适当加大点火药量和提高燃速来减小点火延迟。